- pixabay
VIVA – The Mongolian Empire in Central Asia became one of the largest empires in the world. It is known that there is much debris found by Genghis Khan in 1206, which signifies the existence of nomadic tribes in Central Asia.
As quoted from the World History page, the original Mongol horsemen and archers were unstoppable in Central Asia and its surroundings, they even defeated the armies of Iran, Eastern Europe, China, and many more.
Even so, it turns out that there were also several defeats suffered by the Mongol empire. One of the defeats even occurred when dealing with the kingdom of the archipelago. Well, here are the kings who defeated the Mongolian empire, as reported by various sources:
1. Sultan Qultuz, Mamluk (Egypt)
Battle of Pyramids
- U-Report
After defeating Persia and Bagdad in the Middle East Hulagu Khan in 1258, the Mongolian empire sent envoys to the Mamluks. However, Sultan Qultuz refused and even executed the envoy. Finally, war broke out at Ain Jalut in Galilee.
The Malmuk troops managed to trick the Mongol troops by luring large troops using small troops. Although the Mongol troops had fallen a lot, they managed to execute the left wing of Sultan Qultuz's army. This condition actually worsened the Mongol empire because the allies defected. It allowed Egypt to subdue the notoriously tough Mongol army.
2. Tran Dynasty, Dai Viet (Vietnam)
Kampung Vietnam
- Tangkapan Layar
The Mongol Empire invaded the territory of the Tran Dynasty three times. This was because the ruler refused to cooperate to defeat the Song Dynasty.
The first invasion was carried out in 1257, at which time the Mongols had to survive due to disease and famine which forced them to retreat to the Yunnan region. Then the second invasion was in 1285, but the Mongol troops also still had difficulty adjusting to the Tran Dynasty because of its poisonous arrows.
In 1287-1288, Khubilai Khan with his large fleet attacked Dai Viet, but 11 out of 70 ships had to be burned down. The worse thing, ships were the carriers of their supplies which made the Mongols have to retreat because of the supplies' lack.
3. Hojo Tokimune (Japan)
After conquering the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea in 1260, Khubilai Khan sent envoys to Japan to recognize the power of the Mongols. But the Shogun, Hojo Tokimune refused. Unfortunately, these two attacks were thwarted by bad weather and the Mongol army also suffered heavy losses.
Relief Penobatan Raden Wijaya Sebagai Raja Majapahit.
- afrikenz.blogspot.com
After the collapse of the Singasari Kingdom after Jayakatwang's rebellion, Mongol envoys came to Java to ask Raden Wijaya to recognize Khubilai Khan's rule. Raden Wijaya obeyed if the conditions were fulfill, namely helping him to fight Jayakatwang.
Finally, in 1293, they formed a coalition to defeat Jayakatwang. After that Raden Wijaya asked permission to return to Majapahit to prepare tribute. However, this was just a pretext, which was then used by Raden Wijaya to bring his best troops to repel the Mongols.
